Category Archives: LED Packaging and Testing

Veeco Instruments Inc. (NASDAQ: VECO) today announced its GENxcel R&D Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) System earned the 2018 Compound Semiconductor (CS) Industry Innovation Award. Hosted by Compound Semiconductor magazine, the CS Industry Awards celebrate the success of companies across five unique categories. Specifically, the Innovation Award honors the most significant breakthrough in compound semiconductor manufacturing over the last 12 months.

“We are honored to have the GENxcel MBE System recognized by Compound Semiconductor and our industry peers. The recognition is especially meaningful because winners are voted on by our respected colleagues, customers and collaborators,” said Gerry Blumenstock, vice president and general manager of MBE and ALD products at Veeco. “We continue to be committed to creating the most advanced and highest quality tools to support leading-edge compound semiconductor R&D and production.”

The GENxcel R&D MBE system builds on the success of the GENxplor® MBE system designed for compound semiconductor R&D and pilot production markets. The system produces high-quality epitaxial layers on substrates up to 100mm in diameter. The innovative architectural concept of GENxcel reduces the system footprint by 40 percent compared to similar 100mm wafer systems, improves the ease of maintenance, and allows users to easily integrate additional deposition and analysis chambers—specifically Veeco’s new atomic layer deposition (ALD) product line.

The CS Industry Awards is a peer-voted awards program honoring people, processes and products within the compound semiconductor industry. Winners were honored at a ceremony on April 10 in conjunction with the CS International Conference in Brussels, Belgium. For a complete list of 2018 winners, visit www.csawards.net/winners.

Previous Veeco products that have won the CS Industry Innovation Award include the TurboDisc® EPIK700™ Gallium Nitride (GaN) Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) System in 2015, the GENxplor MBE system in 2014, and the TurboDisc® MaxBright® Multi-Reactor MOCVD System in 2012. To learn more about Veeco’s GENxcel R&D MBE system, please visithttp://www.veeco.com/products/genxcel-randd-mbe-system.

Veeco Instruments Inc. (Nasdaq: VECO) today announced that ON Semiconductor (Nasdaq: ON) has ordered its Propel® High-volume Manufacturing (HVM) Gallium Nitride (GaN) Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) system. Based on its successful beta evaluation of the Propel HVM tool, ON Semiconductor ordered the production-level Propel system for GaN power electronics manufacturing. As the industry’s first single-wafer cluster platform, the Propel GaN MOCVD system is specifically designed for high-voltage power-management devices used in data centers; automotive, information and communication technology; defense; aerospace and power distribution systems, among other applications.

“Our prior learning with Veeco’s K465i™ GaN MOCVD system drove us to investigate the Propel HVM platform for our production ramp,” said Marnix Tack, PhD, senior director of corporate R&D and Open Innovation at ON Semiconductor. “The beta test results demonstrated superior device performance with high uniformity and within-wafer and wafer-to-wafer repeatability, while meeting our cost-of-ownership targets for six- and eight-inch wafers. As such, the Propel HVM system proved to be the most suitable platform for our power electronics manufacturing needs.”

The Propel HVM platform is based on Veeco’s innovative single-wafer system with proprietary IsoFlange™ and SymmHeat™ technologies that provide homogeneous laminar flow and uniform temperature profile across the entire wafer. The system enables production of power electronics, laser diodes, RF devices and advanced LEDs with higher performance and production yields while ensuring very low cost-of-ownership.

“The Propel HVM platform is rapidly gaining traction in the industry as innovative companies like ON Semiconductor recognize the benefits of GaN-on-silicon, which will partially replace current silicon technology for power electronics,” commented Peo Hansson, PhD, senior vice president and general manager of Veeco MOCVD operations. “With its highly controlled doping, run-to-run stability, superior wafer uniformity, high productivity and uptime, Propel HVM extends the benefits of our TurboDisc® platform to a unique single-wafer architecture. These capabilities benefit customers that seek a superior solution for manufacturing while providing a path for scaling to eight-inch wafers and expansion to RF and other advanced applications.”

GaN is a wide band gap semiconductor material with specific advantages over conventional technologies such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) and silicon carbide (SiC). GaN has enormous potential in the short term due to its benefits in terms of thermal behavior, efficiency, weight and size. According to market research firm Yole Développement, the GaN power device business was worth $14 million in 2016, and projects that it will reach $460 million by 2022, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 79 percent. GaN-based devices will be used increasingly in RF amplifiers, LEDs and high voltage applications among others, primarily due to their abilities to operate at high frequency, power density and temperature with improved efficiency and linearity.

Veeco is discussing the power of its innovative MOCVD and wet etch systems in the “5G: Where Are We and What’s Next?” track at the CS International Conference this week in Brussels, Belgium. Somit Joshi, senior director of MOCVD marketing is presenting a session titled, “Enabling GaN RF and Power Electronics through Innovative MOCVD and Wet Etch Process Technologies,” on Wednesday, April 11, and the Veeco team will also be accepting the CS Industry 2018 Award for Innovation for its GENxcel™ R&D MBE System at the awards ceremony held during the conference.

By Jamie Girard, Sr. Director, Public Policy, SEMI

Although many months past due, Congress on March 23 finalized the federal spending for the remainder of fiscal year (FY) 2018, only hours before a what would have been the third government shutdown of the year. Congressional spending has been allocated in fits and starts since the end of FY 2017 last September, with patchwork deals keeping things running amid pervasive uncertainty. While this clearly isn’t an ideal way to fund the federal government, the end result will make many in the business of research and development pleased with the addition of more resources for science and innovation.

There was grave concern over the future of federal spending with the release of the president’s FY 2018 budget, which would have cut the National Science Foundation (NSF) budget by 11 percent and National Institutes of Standards & Technology (NIST) spending by 30 percent. Relief came with early drafts from Congress that whittled those cuts down to between 2-9 percent. But the real boost was a February bipartisan Congressional agreement that lifted self-imposed spending caps and introduced a generous dose of non-defense discretionary spending, increasing NSF spending 3.9 percent over the previous year and the NIST budget an astounding 25.9 percent over FY 2017 levels.

SEMI applauds this much-needed support for basic research and development (R&D) at these agencies after their budgets were cut or flat-funded for multiple cycles. It is well understood that federal R&D funding is critical to U.S. competitiveness and future economic prosperity. With the stakes that high, full funding of R&D programs at the NSF and NIST should be a bipartisan national priority backed by a strong and united community of stakeholders and advocates in the business, professional, research, and education communities.

With the work for FY 2018 completed, Congress will now turn to FY 2019 spending – already behind schedule due to the belated completion of the previous year’s budget. With 2018 an election year, Congress will likely begin work on the FY 2019 budget in short order, but probably won’t complete its work prior to the November elections.  SEMI will continue to work with lawmakers to support the R&D budgets at the agencies and their important basic science research. If you’d like to know how you can be more involved with SEMI’s public policy work, please contact Jamie Girard, Sr. Director, Public Policy at [email protected].

Technology companies Osram and Continental have successfully completed negotiations on their joint venture, which is expected to begin operations in the second half of calendar year 2018. The joint venture, in which each of the partners has a 50 percent stake, aims to combine Continental’s and Osram’s respective expertise in lighting, light control and electronics. Leading the joint venture are CEO Dirk Linzmeier from Osram and CFO Harald Renner from Continental.

“Digitalization is creating new possibilities in automotive lighting applications and, in turn, tremendous opportunities that we want to leverage with Continental,” said Hans-Joachim Schwabe, CEO of Osram’s Specialty Lighting division. “By joining forces, we will be in an even better position to drive innovations by working closely with the automotive industry, seamlessly integrating lighting, sensor technology and electronics in a single application. This will allow us to advance new intelligent light functions, such as the combination of lighting and sensor technology in a module or light-based communication between the driver, other road users and the vehicle’s surroundings.”

Andreas Wolf, head of Continental’s Body & Security business unit, added, “The joint venture puts us in a unique position to drive technological change in the automotive lighting market and to develop intelligent lighting solutions by combining our expertise in software and electronics with Osram’s automotive lighting expertise. The innovations Osram and Continental bring to this joint venture will allow us to offer our customers an unrivaled and unprecedented portfolio in the lighting market.”

The joint venture will be based within the region of Munich, but will operate globally to ensure rapid development cycles with customers in their local areas. The U.S. operations of Osram Continental will be based in Hendersonville, Tennessee. The product portfolio will feature semiconductor-based lighting modules such as LED modules for front and rear headlights, laser modules and light control units.

 If we did not know before, now we are all aware: microLEDs for display applications is a very hot topic and Apple is strongly commited to the development of its own technology. Las Vegas Consumer Electronics Show 2018 (1) and now Bloomberg, the high tech planet is revolving around microLED technologies. Indeed, last week, the financial news media giant published an article highlighting microLED which generated substantial interest and debate from Wall Street . According to Mark Gurman from Bloomberg (2), despite some ups and downs since it acquired the microLED start up Luxvue in 2014, Apple is still committed to the technology and hoping to begin mass production within the next few years.

illus_microled_ip_apple-luxvue_yole_jan2018

The recent report, “MicroLED Displays: Intellectual Property Landscape” released by Yole Développement (Yole) and its partner, Knowmade beginning of 2018, confirms substantial microLED IP development has been underway at Apple. In this patent landscape analysis, Apple ranks first in term of the size, strength and depth of its portfolio with more than 60 patent families.

“Apple has been working on IP development to master all key elements of a new microLED display technology”, asserts Dr. Eric Virey, Technology & Market Analyst from Yole. And he adds “If successful, the expectation is that they will rapidly move on to establish a supply chain, possibly handling some aspects of design and manufacturing internally”

Apple’s portfolio covers many thrust areas and shows a strong commitment to tackle all the major technology bottlenecks that have so far prevented the technology from reaching the market.
The bulk of the development effort, however, is focused on transfer, assembly and interconnects, with more than 40 patents. The emphasis is on the company’s MEMS-based microchip transfer technology that was at the core of Luxvue effort.

Other key patents cover multiple aspects of microLED technologies such as improving the efficiency of microLED chips, another challenge that has been vexing companies trying to leverage the large efficiency gains that microLED display could offers. Color conversion, light management, pixel and display architectures, testing, and integration of sensors are other key aspects which Apple is addressing in its portfolio.

“A detailed analysis of Apple’s portfolio is a good indication of its technology advancement”, explains Dr. Nicolas Baron, CEO & Founder of Knowmade, partner of Yole.“Because of its strong and broad patent portfolio, Apple is showing a clear positioning in this domain and announces its strategy to become a leader in this up and coming industry”.

However, it’s not enough to guaranty exclusivity and full freedom of exploitation.. While the bulk of the microLED display research effort started around 2010, digging deeper into the global microLED IP landscape reveals some important patents filed by companies like Sony, Sharp and various research organizations all the way back to the early 2000’s.

Enabling microLED displays requires bringing together three major levels of expertise: LED, transistor backplanes (glass or Si-CMOS based) and chip transfer. The supply chain is complex and lengthy compared to that of traditional displays. Each process is critical and managing every aspect effectively will be challenging. No one company appears today positioned to execute across these multiple technologies and be able to vertically integrate all of the components. Today the IP landscape reflects those challenges through the variety of players involved. Only a few companies including Apple, have a broad microLED IP portfolio, but enough have patents on key technology bricks to predict that complex licensing and legal battles will arise if and when microLED displays enter volume manufacturing.

MicroLED technology could be the holy grail of display companies. Therefore, it could represent an opportunity to strongly differentiate from the crowded LCD and soon-to-be-crowded OLED display industries. Recent investments by Facebook, Sharp/Foxconn, Google, Intel and Samsung confirm the growing interest and point toward a challenging but exciting future for microLEDs.

“It remains to be seen who will be first to market”, asks Dr. Eric Virey from Yole. “With more than 120 companies involved and the efforts accelerating at all major companies, there is no doubt that the buzz will keep increasing and the industry landscape evolve at an accelerating pace.”

Yole Group of Companies including Yole and Knowmade keeps its fingers on the pulse of this promising technology. The full article is available on i-micronews.com.
And the Group will keep delivering up to date analysis. Dr Virey and Pars Mukish from Yole is also part of the key microLEDs conferences all year long. Next presentations will take place during the following conferences:

CS International Conference (April 10-11, Brussels, Belgium)
• “Revolutionising displays with MicroLEDs” on April 11 at 9:20AM
Pars Mukish, Business Unit Manager, Solid State Lighting & Displays

Display Week (May 21-25 – Los Angeles, CA, USA):
•  “Economic Health of the Display Supply Chain/Where Is the Growth and Profits/Best Investment Outlook”on May 21 at 8:10AM
•  “Status and Prospects of microLED Displays” on May 24 at 9:00AM
Dr. Eric Virey, Senior Technology & Market Analyst, MicroLED

SEMICON West, the flagship U.S. event for connecting the electronics manufacturing supply chain, has opened registration for the July 10-12, 2018, exposition at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California. Building on a year of record-breaking industry growth, SEMICON West 2018 will highlight the engines of future industry expansion including smart transportation, smart manufacturing, smart medtech, smart data, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT). Click here to register.

Themed BEYOND SMART, SEMICON West 2018 sets it sights on the growing impact of cognitive learning technologies and other industry disruptors with programs and new Smart Pavilions including Smart Manufacturing and Smart Transportation to showcase interactive technologies for immersive, virtual experiences. Each Pavilion will feature a Meet the Experts Theater with an intimate setting for attendees to engage informally with industry thought leaders.

Smart Workforce Pavilion: Connecting Next-Generation Talent with the Microelectronics Industry

The SEMI Smart Workforce Pavilion at SEMICON West 2018 leverages the largest microelectronic manufacturing event in North America to draw the next generation of innovators. Reliant on a highly skilled workforce, the industry today is saddled with thousands of job openings and fierce competition for workers, bringing renewed focus to strengthening its talent pipeline. Educational and engaging, the Pavilion connects the microelectronics industry with college students and entry-level professionals interested in career opportunities.

In the Workforce Pavilion “Meet the Experts” Theater, industry engineers will share insights and inspiration about their personal working experiences and career advisors will offer best practices. Recruiters from top companies will be available for on-the-spot interviews, while career coaches offer mentoring, tips on cover letter and resume writing, job-search guidance, and more. Visitors will learn more about the industry’s vital role in technological innovation in today’s connected world.

This year, SEMI will also host High Tech U (HTU) in conjunction with the SEMICON West Smart Workforce Pavilion. The highly-interactive program supported by Advantest, Edwards, KLA-Tencor and TEL exposes high school students to STEM education pathways and stimulates excitement about careers in the industry.

Free registration with three-day access and shuttle service to SEMICON West are available to all college students. Students are encouraged to register for the mentor program, attend keynotes and tour the exposition hall to see everything the industry has to offer.  To learn more, visit Smart Workforce Pavilion and College Track to preview how students can enter to win a $500 hiring bonus!

Three Ways to Experience the Expo

Attendees can tailor their SEMICON West experience to meet their specific interests. The All-In pass covers every program and event, while the Thought-Leadership and Expo-Only packages offer scaled pricing and program options. Attendees can also purchase select events and programs à la carte, including exclusive IEEE-sponsored sessions, the SEMI Market Symposium, and the STEM Rocks After-hours Party, a fundraising event to support the SEMI Foundation.

The 6th annual LED Expo Thailand 2018, which is aimed at bringing together LED & lighting industry with buyers, specialists and suppliers to the Challenger 1, IMPACT Exhibition Center in Bangkok, Thailand on May 10-12, 2018. This year’s exhibit space is almost sold out. Over 300 exhibitors from around the globe are set to showcase their innovations at the Expo. Adding more room for special focus on your futuristic innovations, the organisers this year have come up with the theme FUTURE of LED for a SMART LIVING offering you more focused audience. Don’t let the opportunity pass by; book space now to maximize your business.

The highlights of the show defining FUTURE OF LED for a SMART LIVING are:

SOLAR ZONE

This specific zone would be highlighting high-performance Solar LED products, services and technology for housing, commercial and industrial sectors to induce huge saving on electricity, besides encouraging the usage of renewable energy.

DEALERS AND DISTRIBUTORS ZONE / BUSINESS MATCHING

A specialized business matching program strictly for distributors and manufacturers, our dedicated buyer team will source out “wish list” of manufacturers and distributors to be pre-matched.

LoT (LED OF THINGS)

It is aimed at bringing forth innovations taking place in LED signage system with sound and light effects to keep the visitors engaged.

LED CAFÉ

A great resting place for all trade visitors after a long walk in the hall, LED Café will serve a variety of refreshments and mouth-watering delicacies. The café will be decorated with creative LED lighting.

LIGHTING & ENERGY SAVING CONSULTATION CENTRE

This would facilitate a free discussion between trade visitors and industry professionals for their current and future business project to save the cost and use suitable products.

THAILAND LED SUMMIT

Steered by the committee of experts, the conference attracts high-powered keynotes and serves stimulating discussions in an open environment. The topics will cover the trends in LED lighting technology, lighting standard, government support policies and design solution.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VILLAGE

This special village would showcase amazing works of famous architects and designers besides displaying student projects in Thailand to increase the efficiency of every building.

BUYER PROGRAM

Created specifically to facilitate business matching at the show, the Buyer Program is an effective platform for the top qualified buyers from the procurement, purchasing and supply chain management divisions within the energy efficiency, LED as well as electronic sectors to meet with our exhibitors on a pre-scheduled, one-on-one basis.

Benefits of VIP Buyer Program:

  • Complimentary 1-2 night accommodation at Ibis IMPACT during 10-12 May 2018
  • Access to the Business Matching Zone (complimentary refreshments and WiFi)
  • Free Copy of Show Directory
  • Screening and selection will be done based on the eligibility criteria.
  • A list of matched exhibitors will be provided, including company profiles and the latest products / materials / machinery
  • Upon confirmation, business matching meetings will be scheduled to make your trip more smooth and efficient

 

Besides attending exhibition, the participants would also get the opportunity to attend International LED Summit and a workshop, which the organisers have decided to take to the next level with iLight Connect.

iLIGHT CONNECT: INTERNATIONAL LED SUMMIT

The Summit will focus on case studies, discussions over the latest trends, innovations and technology in both interior & exterior rifts. A panel discussion will hoist the influences and issues that designers, owners & operators come across when it comes to implementing the LED technology.

Discrete speakers will throw some light on the opportunities that LED provide us today which we did not have in past. The main focus will be on ‘Future of LED’ along with other contemporary issues such as smart lighting & loT. All these are grouped under four separate heads to be addressed under four different sessions:

  • IoT and the Future of Lighting
  • Smart Lighting – Opportunities and Constraints
  • Lighting Festivals – Beyond the Wow Factor
  • Hotel Value Creation Through Lighting Design

 

iLIGHT CONNECT: EDUCATIONAL WORKSHOP

The idea behind this workshop is to create awareness about the lighting design process among the participants to enable them construct their own lighting installations. Participants will choose if they wish to learn architectural or landscape lighting techniques:-

  • Architectural Lighting: Groups have the choice of building facade or public space
  • Landscape Lighting: Groups have the choice of trees, vegetation, pathways or lawn area within the existing landscape environment

Thailand: A Gateway to Opportunities in ASEAN Region!

  • Emerging Country: Thailand is the World’s 51st largest country by area, 20th largest country by population and the 32nd largest country in the world by economic size.
  • Hub of ASEAN: With strategic location among ASEAN, it is easy to access to the Greater Mekong sub-region (GMS). Hence Thailand has high potential to be the regional logistics hub.
  • Growing Economy: The Economic Intelligence centre of the SIAM Commercial BANK (SCB) has predicted that Thailand’s economy is expected to expand further in 2018, to around 3.5 percent.
  • Energy Trend: Thailand is moving full steam ahead towards the use of LED lighting. In 2016, the turnover in the LED bulb market has increased 33% with a total market value of the THB 4,960 million.
  • Policy Support: Thailand has long been a proponent of free & fair trade and its attractiveness as a production base for leading international companies is enhanced by a number of free trade agreements.

The Silicon Integration Initiative’s (Si2) Compact Model Coalition (CMC) has approved two integrated circuit design simulation standards that target the fast-growing global market for gallium nitride semiconductors.

The approved standards are the 12th and 13th models currently funded and supported by the CMC, a collaborative group that develops and maintains cost-saving SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) models for IC design.

John Ellis, president and CEO, said gallium nitride devices are used in many high-power and high-frequency applications, including satellite communications, radar, cellular, broadband wireless systems, and automotive. “Although it’s currently a small market, gallium nitride devices are expected to show remarkable growth over the coming years.”

To reduce research and developments costs and increase simulation accuracy, the semiconductor industry relies on the CMC to share resources for funding standard SPICE models. Si2 is a research and development joint venture focused on IC design and tool operability standards. “Once the standard models are proven and accepted by CMC, they are incorporated into design tools widely used by the semiconductor industry. The equations at work in the standard model-setting process are developed, refined and maintained by leading universities and national laboratories. The CMC directs and funds the universities to standardize and improve the models,” Ellis explained.

Dr. Ana Villamor, technology and market analyst at Yole Développement (Yole), Lyon, France, said that “2015 and 2016 were exciting years for the gallium nitride power business. We project an explosion of this market with 79% CAGR between 2017 and 2022. Market value will reach US $460 million at the end of the period1. It’s still a small market compared to the impressive US $30 billion silicon power semiconductor market,” Villamor said. “However, its expected growth in the short term is showing the enormous potential of the power gallium nitride technology based on its suitability for high performance and high frequency solutions.”

Yole_GaN_power_device_market_size_split_by_application_M_

Peter Lee, manager at Micron Memory Japan and CMC chair, said that “Gallium nitride devices are playing an increasingly important part in the field of RF and power electronics. With these two advanced models established as the first, worldwide gallium nitride model standards, efficiencies in design will greatly increase by making it possible to take into account accurate device physical behavior in design, and enabling the use of the various simulation tools in the industry with consistent results.”

Click here to download standard models.

 

A research team led by UCLA scientists and engineers has developed a method to make new kinds of artificial “superlattices” — materials comprised of alternating layers of ultra-thin “two-dimensional” sheets, which are only one or a few atoms thick. Unlike current state-of-the art superlattices, in which alternating layers have similar atomic structures, and thus similar electronic properties, these alternating layers can have radically different structures, properties and functions, something not previously available.

This is an artist's concept of two kinds of monolayer atomic crystal molecular superlattices. On the left, molybdenum disulfide with layers of ammonium molecules, on the right, black phosphorus with layers of ammonium molecules. Credit: UCLA Samueli Engineering

This is an artist’s concept of two kinds of monolayer atomic crystal molecular superlattices. On the left, molybdenum disulfide with layers of ammonium molecules, on the right, black phosphorus with layers of ammonium molecules. Credit: UCLA Samueli Engineering

For example, while one layer of this new kind of superlattice can allow a fast flow of electrons through it, the other type of layer can act as an insulator. This design confines the electronic and optical properties to single active layers, and prevents them from interfering with other insulating layers.

Such superlattices can form the basis for improved and new classes of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Applications include superfast and ultra-efficient semiconductors for transistors in computers and smart devices, and advanced LEDs and lasers.

Compared with the conventional layer-by-layer assembly or growth approach currently used to create 2D superlattices, the new UCLA-led process to manufacture superlattices from 2D materials is much faster and more efficient. Most importantly, the new method easily yields superlattices with tens, hundreds or even thousands of alternating layers, which is not yet possible with other approaches.

This new class of superlattices alternates 2D atomic crystal sheets that are interspaced with molecules of varying shapes and sizes. In effect, this molecular layer becomes the second “sheet” because it is held in place by “van der Waals” forces, weak electrostatic forces to keep otherwise neutral molecules “attached” to each other. These new superlattices are called “monolayer atomic crystal molecular superlattices.”

The study, published in Nature, was led by Xiangfeng Duan, UCLA professor of chemistry and biochemistry, and Yu Huang, UCLA professor of materials science and engineering at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering.

“Traditional semiconductor superlattices can usually only be made from materials with highly similar lattice symmetry, normally with rather similar electronic structures,” Huang said. “For the first time, we have created stable superlattice structures with radically different layers, yet nearly perfect atomic-molecular arrangements within each layer. This new class of superlattice structures has tailorable electronic properties for potential technological applications and further scientific studies.”

One current method to build a superlattice is to manually stack the ultrathin layers one on top of the other. But this is labor-intensive. In addition, since the flake-like sheets are fragile, it takes a long time to build because many sheets will break during the placement process. The other method is to grow one new layer on top of the other, using a process called “chemical vapor deposition.” But since that means different conditions, such as heat, pressure or chemical environments, are needed to grow each layer, the process could result in altering or breaking the layer underneath. This method is also labor-intensive with low yield rates.

The new method to create monolayer atomic crystal molecular superlattices uses a process called “electrochemical intercalation,” in which a negative voltage is applied. This injects negatively charged electrons into the 2D material. Then, this attracts positively charged ammonium molecules into the spaces between the atomic layers. Those ammonium molecules automatically assemble into new layers in the ordered crystal structure, creating a superlattice.

“Think of a two-dimensional material as a stack of playing cards,” Duan said. “Then imagine that we can cause a large pile of nearby plastic beads to insert themselves, in perfect order, sandwiching between each card. That’s the analogous idea, but with a crystal of 2D material and ammonium molecules.”

The researchers first demonstrated the new technique using black phosphorus as a base 2D atomic crystal material. Using the negative voltage, positively charged ammonium ions were attracted into the base material, and inserted themselves between the layered atomic phosphorous sheets.”

Following that success, the team inserted different types of ammonium molecules with various sizes and symmetries into a series of 2D materials to create a broad class of superlattices. They found that they could tailor the structures of the resulting monolayer atomic crystal molecular superlattices, which had a diverse range of desirable electronic and optical properties.”The resulting materials could be useful for making faster transistors that consume less power, or for creating efficient light-emitting devices,” Duan said.

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. today announced that it has achieved the industry’s highest light efficacies for its fillet-enhanced chip-scale package (FEC) LED lineup – LM101B, LH181B and LH231B.

Initially chip-scale package (CSP) LEDs had not been widely used in mainstream LED lighting markets due to relatively lower efficacy levels compared to conventional LED packages. However, the newly upgraded, efficacy-leading FECs can be applied to most mainstream LED lighting environments, including ambient, downlight, spotlight, high bay, canopy and street lighting applications.

“Since introducing CSP technology to the industry in 2014, we have put extensive effort into advancing the performance levels and design flexibility of every one of our CSP LEDs,” said Yoonjoon Choi, Vice President of the LED Business Team at Samsung Electronics. “Samsung will continue to bolster its competitive edge in CSP technology, enabling the widest variety of luminaire designs with exceptional performance, reliability and cost benefits for lighting manufacturers worldwide.”

The enhanced FEC LEDs are based on Samsung’s most up-to-date CSP technology which builds TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) walls around the side surfaces of the chip to direct light output upwards. The technology provides considerably higher light efficacy than conventional CSP LEDs while offering greater flexibility for luminaire designers. Moreover, dramatically reduced cross-talk between neighboring packages allows each package to be placed in close proximity to one another.

Building on these advancements, the revamped FEC LED packages achieve the industry’s highest light efficacy levels, to suit an even wider range of lighting applications. The mid-power CSP, LM101B, features an increased efficacy of 205 lm/W (65mA, CRI 80+, 5000K), which is the highest among 1W-class, mid-power CSP LEDs. The 3W-class LH181B provides the highest light efficacy in its class with 190lm/W (350mA, CRI 70+, 5000K), which represents a more than 10-percent enhancement over the previous version. The 5W-class LH231B package continues to offer 170lm/W (700mA, CRI 70+, 5000K), the industry’s highest efficacy for the 5W class.

With Samsung FEC’s small form factor and reduced cross-talk, the LM101B is particularly well suited for spotlighting applications where packages can be densely placed within a small light-emitting surface area. Samsung also made the LM101B much simpler to mount compared to other mid-power CSP LEDs, by modifying the electrode pad.

In addition, the LH181B operates at a maximum current of 1.4A (Amps), making it an ideal component for high-power LED luminaires requiring superior lumen density.

The Samsung FEC lineup, now in mass production, is available in a full range of color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) options.